英语翻译
考研英一 划线句翻译
翻译要求：
context部分:
1.提供必要的信息
2.提供必要的逻辑
2024年考研英语（一）翻译划线句46
The African savanna elephant, also known as the African bush elephant, is distributed across 37 African countries. They move between a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, woodlands,wetlands and agricultural land. They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water, and are very good at working out where other elephants are — even when they are out of sight
翻译1：它们有时跋涉超过60英里去寻找食物或水源；这些大象非常擅长找出balabala
翻译2：为了寻找食物或水源，这些大象有时会跋涉六十多英里；并且它们非常善于判断其他大象的位置——即便这些大象并不在视线范围内。
2024年考研英语（一）翻译划线句47
Using tracking devices, researchers have shown that they have remarkable spatial acuity.” When finding their way to waterholes, they headed off in exactly the right direction, on one occasion from a distance of roughly thirty miles. What is more, they almost always seem to choose the nearest waterhole. The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they reed, and car therefore take shortcuts, as well as familiar routes.
翻译1：研究人员确信这些大象总是知道它们所需要的资源的准确方位；因此能够抄近道和熟悉的路线。
in relation to
about
compare with
翻译2（机翻）： 研究人员确信，大象总是准确地知道它们所需要的所有资源的位置，因此可以走捷径，也可以走熟悉的路线。
缺少in relation to 表示相对方位的感觉
翻译3：研究人员确信，大象总能精确地知道自身与所需的所有资源的相对位置，因此它们除了遵循熟悉的路线外，也可以选择走捷径。
翻译4：研究人员确信，大象总能精确地辨认方位，判断自身与所需的所有资源之间的相对位置，因此它们除了遵循熟悉的路线外，也可以选择走捷径。
2024年考研英语（一）翻译划线句48
Elephants are very choosy eaters, but until recently little was known about how they selected their food.One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found, but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy, not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.
result in 结果导向
翻译1：其中一种可能性是，它们仅凭借眼睛去辨别，再对找到的植物一一进行尝试，但这可能会浪费大量的事件和能量，尤其是考虑到它们的视力实际上并不太好。
翻译2：其中一种可能性是，它们仅凭眼睛去辨别，再逐一尝试找到的植物，但这可能会浪费大量的时间和能量，尤其是考虑到它们的视力实际上并不太好。
2024年考研英语（一）翻译划线句50：
The researches first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely. They then set up a "food station" experiment, in which they gave the elephants a series of choices based only on smell.The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat, and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch.
established
to discover or prove the facts of a situation
forage:搜寻东西;觅食
may well 很有可能 if you day that sth may well happen, you mean that it is likely to happen.
a patches of tree: a small stand of timber
翻译1：实验表明，大象很有可能是先通过嗅觉适合食用的树丛，然后再逐一比较各个树丛内数目的质量。
2023年考研英语（一）翻译划线句46
There has been some exploration around the use of artificial intelligence (AI)in digital marketing. For example, AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to “speak” to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data. AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities, and fashions to provide unique content ir marketing messages put out through social media.
被动语态可通过汉语的各种方式规避掉
被用来 -> 用于
regarding : about 在什么方面
将原文静态的说法改的动态一点
他们的爱好 -> 业余爱好是什么
最喜欢的名人 -> 最喜欢什么名人
时尚 -> 对时尚的品味
翻译1：人工智能还可以用于识别消费者在生活方式上的偏好，例如，业余爱好是什么、最喜欢什么名人，以及对时尚的品味等，从而在通过社交媒体推送的营销信息种，提供个性化的内容。
2023年考研英语（一）翻译划线句47
Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.
句子组成： 我认为，但我也知道（不好+好、欲扬先抑）
人工智能，使用什么方式？干了什么事？影响是什么？
字典义 -> 恰当的词组搭配
降低创新能力 -> 制约创新能力
取消工作岗位 -> 减少工作岗位
机翻：有些人认为，人工智能通过降低创新能力和取消工作岗位正在的对营销人员的角色产生负面影响，但他们也意识到这是一种削减成本和创造新内容的方式。
翻译1：有些人认为，人工智能制约创新能力，减少工作岗位，正在对营销人员的定位产生负面冲击，但他们也清楚，这不失为一种节流和创造新内容的方式。
2023年考研英语（一）翻译划线句48
By allowing AI to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative. Algorithms used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.
机翻：用于模拟人类互动的算法正在产生许多这样的担忧，特别是因为没有人能确定使用人工智能与客户互动的结果会是什么。
翻译1：用于模拟人类互动的算法正引发许多这方面的担忧，最大的原因在于，没有人能确定使用人工智能与客户互动的后果是什么。
2023年考研英语（一）翻译划线句49
For AI to be successful, data needs to be accessible, but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult. If customers are not willing to share data, AI will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.
机翻：如果客户不愿意分享数据，人工智能将缺乏必要的信息，将无法有效地发挥作用，也无法利用机器学习来改善其营销内容和沟通。
缺乏必要的信息导致无法有效地发挥作用...
缺乏必要的信息 --> 无法有效地发挥作用...
这明显是递进关系，而机翻没有将其翻译得当
翻译1：如果客户（消费者）不愿意分享数据，人工智能将缺乏必要的信息来源，如此一来，无论是高效运行，还是利用机器学习来改善营销内容和沟通方式，都难以实现。
2023年考研英语(一)翻译划线句50
Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, including emails, social media posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate frequency. The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
intrude 侵入 --> intrusive 侵入的
non-intrusive 非侵入式的
If you're sensitive to other people's needs, problems, or feelings, you show understanding and awareness of them. 如果不考虑具体的语境这句话可直接翻译为善解人意，而在具体的语境中，则需要转化成一个更加具体的译法。
为什么辣么长一段话可以翻译成这么短呢？🧐
可以类比字典里对单词的描述，如在牛津词典中market是这样描述的an occasion when people buy and sell goods; the open area or building where they meet to do this.
总结：如果一句话可以归纳成很短的词语或成语，不要惊讶，那是因为中华文化博大精深，但同时还要注意结合语境来翻译。
doing sth in a way 以一种方式做什么事
例如：以一种细嚼慢咽的方式把食物吃掉
体会这句例句，这个方式和这件事是同步进行的。
于是可以翻译为“在...的同时，balabala”
翻译1：在精准洞察目标客户需求的同时，实现营销信息的非侵入式推送，是数字营销人员面临的关键挑战之一。
2022年考研英语(一)翻译划线句46：
Between 1807 and 1814 The Iberian Peninsula (comprising Spain and Portugal was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. It took place on many different planes: between Napoleon's French Army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor's difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth. It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.
I first discovered the Napolenoic code-breaking battle a few yeas ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman's epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, "The Scovell Ciphers."
many different planes 多层面，多方面
who made codes ... 翻译成：什么什么者 ==> 密码制定者
who broke them ... ==> 密码破解者 以上译法可能会出现过度归纳，影响连贯感
结合历史情境，翻译成更具体的说法
who broke them ... ==> 密码破译员
翻译1：它同时也是一场密码制定者与密码破译员之间的战役，而即使是许多熟读这段历史的人，对此都一无所知。
2022年考研英语(一)翻译划线句47
I first discovered the Napolenoic code-breaking battle a few yeas ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman's epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, “The Scovell Ciphers.” It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French Army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters.
英文思维：先罗列主体，然后用从句对成分进行修饰
中文思维：什么什么的东西，先修饰再讲主体
翻译1：附录列出了从西班牙法军手中缴获的许多加密文件，一位名为乔治·斯科维尔的英国军官破译了它们。
翻译2：附录列出了许多加密文件，这些文件缴获自西班牙法军，一位名为乔治·斯科维尔的英国军官完成了它们的破译工作。
结合文章背景：
英国 --> 大英帝国
翻译2：附录列出了许多加密文件，这些文件缴获自西班牙法军，一位名为乔治·斯科维尔的大英帝国军官完成了它们的破译工作。
2022年考研英语（一）翻译划线句48
I first discovered the Napolenoic code-breaking battle a few yeas ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman's epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, GThe Scovell Ciphers.It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French Army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one Georqe Scovell, an officer ir British headquarters. Oman rated Scovell's significance highly, but at the same time, the general nature of his book meant that he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself.
长难句 删繁就简
第一部分
he could not analyze what this man may have contributed to that war
A: 他没能仔细分析 B: 这个人可能曾对这场多个国家参与的战争做出贡献，也可能没有做出过贡献。
将B部分分别来出来，用事实说话，体现翻译的连贯。
在...;这个人做了什么
在这场多个国家参与的战争中，这个人可能曾做出过贡献，也可能不曾。
第二部分
indeed tell us anything much about the man himself
机翻：他无法仔细分析这位名不见经传的军官可能对国家之间的伟大斗争做出了什么贡献，也无法告诉我们关于这个人自己的任何事情。
翻译1：在这场多个国家参与的大型战争中，这位名不见经传的军官可能曾做出过贡献，也可能不曾，欧曼没能做出仔细的分析；事实上他对斯科维尔此人也确实没有着墨太多。
2022年考研英语（一）划线句49
Studying Scovell's papers at the Public Record Office, London, I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the Peninsula. What was more, many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection, which I realized, was priceless. There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.
框架：情报人员多如牛毛，但是the material they actually provided or worked on少之又少。
dispatches 文中译为情报人员之间的电报
机翻：拿破仑战争期间可能有很多间谍和情报官员，但通常很难找到他们实际提供或工作的材料。
翻译1：拿破仑战争期间可能存在很多间谍和情报官员，但想要找出真正出自他们之手或由他们经手的材料，却往往极其困难。
2022年考研英语（一）划线句50：
As I researched Scovell's story, I found far more of interest besides his intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington's headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were bound up with the class politics of the Army at the time. His story of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that. Just as the code-breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.
in its own right
就其本身而言
just as ... so ...
关联词：正如...，...也一样
句子框架：
code-breaking 具有更广泛的意义
his attempts 也具有更广泛的意义
speak volumes about: to provide a lot of information about sth/to show sth very clearly
清楚地说明 ...
机翻：正如破译密码在西班牙的斗争中具有更广泛的意义一样，他试图在晋升阶梯上向上攀升，这充分说明了英国社会。
这个机翻读起来就很shi。
翻译1：正如密码破译在西班牙战场上具有其更广泛的意义，他在一路升迁的过程中所作出的努力也一样能清楚地反映出大英帝国当时的社会状况。
翻译2：正如密码破译在夺回西班牙的斗争中具有其更广泛的意义，他在一路升迁的过程中所作出的努力同样别具意义，清楚地反映出了大英帝国当时的社会状况。
翻译三板斧
第一式：找关联词，抓主干
第二式：结合文章背景，精确翻译
第三式：检查句子，冗长冗余处进行断句修改，使得句子通顺，并且要符合中文读者的阅读期待。
英语笔记
2000 英一
text 1
A of B ==> 核心词是A
例外:如果A是数词，核心词还是B
Dreadful adj.糟的
Handicap n.残疾 ==> n.不利条件 ==> v.损坏
状语从句 <==> 副词adv. ==> 修饰主句的 v. & adj.
eg: I play soccer well.
我踢足球“踢地很好” 。
eg: I can eat this apple fast.
我可以很快地吃掉这个苹果。
关系连词 + 分句，主谓宾（主句）
When I am happy, I can play soccer.
关系连词：Because/though/although/if/when/why/where
当分句主语与主句主语一样的时候，可以省略分句主语
如果分句主语有be, be动词也可以省略
eg: When happy, I can play soccer.
eg: When written, this book is new.
当分句主语不省时，主句主语可以用代词替代。
非谓语
1.没有加逗号的非谓语
eg: I like to use computer having some software.
2.有加逗号的非谓语
eg: I like to doing exercises, making me happy.
两种可能：1.修饰前面的名词 2.修饰整句话
I like to read books, writing some notes.
Parallel n. 平行线 ==> adj. 平行的
unparalleled adj. 无比的
定语从句 ==> 名词
限定性定语从句，没有逗号
eg: I have an apple that is red.
eg: I have computer whose software is good.
eg: I like this book that you read.
当先行词在定语从句中做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
eg: I like this book you read.
非限制性定语从句，有逗号，只能用which
1.修饰前面的名词
eg: I like to read books, which is useful for me.
2.修饰前面整句话
eg: I like to read books, which are expensive.
带介词的定语从句
eg: I like this table on which there is a book.
eg: I like this book through which I can learn many things.
eg: I like this school where/in which I can learn many things.
eg: I like this week when I did many things.
形式主语 (It 不翻译)
It is adj (for sb.) to do sth.
eg: It is important to learn math.
eg: It is useful that I learn math.
As
1.关系连词，引导状语从句，意思为：因为，当，正如
2.介词，意思为：作为
Just as ==> 正如
on the ropes n.濒于失败；完全无力回天；处于困境
For a while 暂时
as though 好像
casualty 受害者
take sth. for granted 把sth.当成理所应当的
宾语从句
eg: I believe that you like this apple.
inquire v.咨询；打听；查询
insure v.上保险
insurance n.保险
ensure v.确保
sensational adj.好的；轰动的
attribute v.归因
I have some fruits such as apples and watermelons.
I have some such fruits as apples and watermelons.
yield vt.产出 ==> n.产品；产量
yield to 屈服于
impetus n. 推动力
2000 英一
text 2
动名词做主语
Ving 宾语 + 谓语（单数） + 宾语
eg: Playing games is interesting.
eg: Reading many books, I can learn a lot of things.
About 在数字前面，等于“大约”
mature adj.成熟的 ==> maturity n.成熟
as ... as
第一个as没有意思，中间部分和前面的句子连在一起。第二个as理解成“正如”
eg: You play soccer as beautifully as he does.
eg: Your books are as useful as my books.
mortality n.死亡率
mortal adj.致死的
immortal adj.不朽的
as well as
1.等于“and”
I have a book, as well as a phone.
2.等于“as...as”结构
I can play soccer as well as he does.
excess n.过度；过多
excessive adj.过多的
for the first time 有史以来；第一次
Since
1.因为
2.自从 + 时间
fertile adj.（土地）肥沃；能生育的
mediocrity n.平庸
mediocre adj.平庸的
Utopia n.乌托邦；理想乡
Those/these后面没有任何其他词，一般默认为人
However + adj. 无论
descendant n.后代
used to do 曾经做
be/get used to doing 习惯做
be used to do 被用来做
否定副词：hardly/rarely/seldom/scarcely 约等于“not”
2000 英一
text 3
attain v.获得（reach）
What 引导的从句，意思看成“名词”
eg: I like what you read.
我喜欢你读的东西。
eg: What I like to read is important.
我喜欢读的东西是重要的。
That引导完整句子
That I can read books is true.
in years to come 未来的几年里
with regard to = with respect to = about 关于
rather than 相较于
rather + adj. 当作副词相当于“非常”
farfetched adj.遥不可及的；牵强的
完成进行时
have been doing 翻译成“一直”
corresponding adj.相应的
hamper v.限制；妨碍
看到but/and/or 找并列的是什么
instead of + Ving sth./n. ===> instead of 后面接不要做的
merits n.优点
novel adj.新的 ==> n.小说
human nature n.人性
transient adj.短暂的
2000 英一
text 4
prewar n.战前
postwar n.战后
produce v.生产（抽象：生产视频；具体：生产东西）
product n.产品
production n.生产过程
productive adj.有生产力的
productivity n.生产效率
要诀：从前往后翻译，把握主干，重视标点和冠词的意思
翻译时：把balabala的东西代入到It
It was found/thought/viewd/.../ that balabala
counterpart n.有共同情况的人或物（职位：同行；学生：同学）
while 关系连词
结构：while分句，主句 或 主句，while分句
1.当...时候（进行时）
2.尽管（although）
小技巧：while后面没看到doing大概率是尽管
stress A over B
embrace A over B
perfer A over B
over 翻译成“相比于”
frustation n.沮丧；愤怒
outcry n.呐喊；怒吼
amid prep.在...中 约等于“in/among”
raised eyebrow 生气
reform n.改革
have sth. to do with 有关
A have nothing to do with B A与B无关
with A(n.) B(doing/done) 伴随A做/被做
in favor of 倾向于
commute v.通勤
2000 英一
text 5
destiny n.命运
vitality n.活力
deem = regard v.看待；认可
deem A as B 把A看成B
the + adj. 约等于“名词”
on one's behalf 翻译成“代表one”
not least = especially
eg: I like this book not least because of its pages.
我喜欢这本书尤其是因为它的页面。
介词短语
介词 + 宾语
有宾语的地方就可能有宾语从句
eg: I can help you with where you do not know.
我可以在你不知道的地方帮你。
如果一句话的主语是代词，首先应该想到代替的是上一句话的主语
hypocrisy n.虚伪
hypocritical adj.虚伪的
同位语
I like Taobao, a brand that is from China.
Taobao = brand
我喜欢淘宝（一个来自中国的品牌）
confess v.承认；坦白
lest conj.免得；以免
ample adj.充足的
materialism n.物质主义者
democracy n.民主
stirring n.开始；出现；酝酿
prompting n.鼓励；提醒
2001 英一
text 1
specialisation n.专业化
accumulate v.积累
accumulation n.积累
By doing sth.,主谓宾
通过做...,主语是怎样
split up A into B
devide A into B
把A分成B
范围里只有两个东西：one;the other
范围里只有两堆东西：some;the other some
范围里有超过2个东西：one;another
profession n.职业
academic major n.专业
amateur n.业余人员
clear-cut adj.清楚的（obvious）
connotation n.含义；隐含意义
同位语从句 vs 定语从句
eg: I have a theory that you can get a good score to learn English well.
我有一个理论（学好英语可以得到好的分数）
eg: I have a theory that is good.
我有一个理论，这个理论是好的。
同位语从句内容等同于先行词，而定语从句只能修饰先行词。
community n.群体
in one's own right 依靠one
referee n.裁判 ==> v.审阅；鉴定（专业性强的文章）
rather adj.相当的；约等于（very）
Whereas conj.尽管；约等于（although/though）
little 是没有，a little 是有一点
hardship n.艰辛
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text 2
A great deal of + 不可数名词 约等于“很多...”
pay attention to 注意
so-called adj.所谓的
同位语
eg: I like this company called Xiaomi, a brand that is famous in China.
我喜欢这家公司叫做小米，一个来自中国的著名品牌。
adopt v.领养；v.采用
adapt vi.适应
adept adj.擅长
句首第一个单词
That + n. 做代词 翻译成“那个东西(n.)”
That + the/a 说明前面的that不是代词，因为重复往往说明是主语从句。
eg: That a book is read by you is true.
一个书被你读是真的
loom vi.赫然出现；隐约呈现
sth. loom 东西突然出现
sth. loom large 令人忧虑；令人惊恐
universal adj.普遍的
less visible adj.不明显
optimistic adj.乐观的
access n.渠道；v.进入
eg:
internet access 互联网渠道
education access 教育渠道
be left behind 被落下；落后
eg: This is the most important book that we have ever had.
这是有史以来所拥有的最重要的书。
ever 翻译成“有史以来”
impoverished adj.非常贫穷的（very poor）
impoverish vt.枯竭化；让...贫瘠
A让B贫瘠，如果B的定语很长，比较难翻译，所以翻译成A枯竭化B更好
with respect to = in terms of = with regard to = about
sovereignty n.主权
infrastructure n.基础设施
might well 建议；尽可能；最好
capital n.资本；首都；大写
narbor n.港湾
better off 生活富足
attach importance to 重视
justify v.正名（说明...是对的）
prove v.证明
2001 英一
text 3
credit n.信用；学分
credibility n.信任度
take / give the credit 功劳
turn out to 结果是
scratch v.挠
headscratching adj.疑惑的
puzzle = confuse = perplex = bewilder = confound v.困惑
in the world = on earth 究竟；到底
eg: I like every car in the world.
我喜欢世界上所有的车
eg: How in the world can you do this?
你究竟要怎样做这个事？
way adv.程度很大；非常
eg: you are way better than him.
你比他好很多。
template n.模板
conventional adj.传统的
backbone n.中流砥柱
alien adj.陌生的；外星人的；异域的
metropolitan adj.大都市的；大城市的
maid n.佣人
combined with A, B ... 与A结合，B怎么怎么样
compared with A, B ... 与A比较，B怎么怎么样
put down roots 落地生根；深入了解
clash n.碰撞
主句not..., but ... 翻译成“不是...，而是...”
keep doing 持续；保持
keep + n. 保持；保留
keep sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止
prevent = stop = bar = block = restrain = impete sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止（不能省from）
symposium n.专题研讨会；讨论会
dedicated to doing = dedicate oneself to doing 致力于
get around 绕过；解决；说服
get around a problem 解决问题
illuminating adj.展示的
superficial adj.非常表面的 ==> 肤浅的
lie in 在于
failure to realize its real problem 失败去意识到它的真正的问题
2001 英一
text 4
merger and acquisition 兼并收购 M&A
hyperactive adj.非常活跃的
hyper- 精力旺盛的
hype v.炒作
the emerging countries 发展中国家
surpass v.超过；胜过
unsurpassed adj.无比的；卓绝的
might n.强大力量；威力
mighty adj.强大的
trust n.垄断
anti-trust n.反垄断
trust fund n.信托基金
multinational adj.跨国的
firm n.公司
affiliated adj.附属的
affiliate n.附属机构；分公司
A is affiliated to B A是B的分公司（附属机构）
segment n.部分
account for
1.（后面有百分比）占据
2.解释...的原因
concern over 对...担忧
underlie vt.奠定了；构成...的基础
be capable of n./doing 能够做
meet v.满足
detrimental adj.有害的
detrimental to 对...有害
Yet
1.句首 ==> but
2.肯定句：I have yet finished my homework.
我还没完成作业。yet == not
scanty adj.不足的；欠缺的
It appears/seems that 似乎是
mega- 超级大
megacity 超级城市
infringe vt.违背；触犯（法规）
infringe on 侵犯
take upon oneself 承担